彩涂钢板涂层在使用中经常会遇到哪些问题

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在彩涂板上使用涂料时，经常会出现一些技术问题。本文简要介绍了几种常见的问题。

1:闪光漆视觉误差

彩涂板有两种涂料：普通漆和闪光漆（闪光漆也分为金属漆和珠光漆）。普通涂料是通过颜料颗粒对光的选择性吸收和漫反射而产生颜色的，而金属和珠光颜料则是以平行于漆膜的方向分层排列的。当光线照射在漆膜表面时，由于铝粉的直接反射，部分光线很难被吸收。有些光线特别明亮，给人一种非常明亮的感觉和部分光线。电线多次被铝粉反射，光线较暗。因此，可以从不同的角度观察不同的视觉效果。

通过对闪光漆反射光的绘制，表明同一入射光源产生的光随反射次数的增加而变暗。在观察角度a和b中看到的效果随光线亮度的变化而变化，因此闪光漆的视觉效果随光线入射角度（对应于自然界早晚的变化）和观察者的观察位置而变化。因此，闪光漆的色差较难控制，用户在使用中有时会反映出视觉色差的现象。

一方面，在闪光涂料的管理中，钢厂在生产控制中应尽可能在同一用户合同中同时选择同一涂料供应商和同一批次的涂料，以避免不同涂料和工艺的差异造成色差，同时，用更接近人眼测量效果的多角度色差计比较色差。另一方面，引导用户避免因材料安装方向不同而产生色差的问题。

2：涂层粘合问题

当 彩涂板用作夹层板时，一个常见的问题是粘合不良或起泡。因为用涂料制作夹芯板时，涂料必须与发泡剂有效结合，以保证夹芯板的完整性。一般来说，用户在使用过程中遇到的主要问题有“不粘”和“表孔”。

2.1“粘不住”

彩涂板背面涂层附着力不良图片。产生这些问题的主要原因如下：

（1）胶反应时间：加工过程中胶反应时间的长短影响发泡效果。如果时间太长或太短，泡沫效果将不理想。如图2-（a）所示，该模板不适合发泡时间。

（2）涂料质量：涂料种类决定了涂料固化后的表面活性，影响彩涂板和发泡剂的发泡效果。如果涂层的活性基团较少，则会影响泡沫性能。对于活性基团较少的涂料来说，它是一种较差的发泡模板。

（3）胶质：发泡胶一般由黑胶和白胶组成。白胶是含羟基的聚醚多元醇，黑胶是氰酸酯。两种胶按一定比例混合后，反应生成聚氨酯，即发泡材料。胶水中的有效成分严重影响产品的发泡效果。如果在白胶中添加其他物质以降低成本，或者用价格较低的聚酯多元醇代替聚醚多元醇，则可能会出现起泡不良。

（4）其他因素：发泡工艺和生产环境也是影响夹芯板产品质量的重要因素。
Some technical problems often occur in the use of coatings on color coated sheets. This paper briefly introduces several common problems.

1: Visual Error of Flash Paint

There are two types of coatings for color coated panels: plain paint and flash paint (flash paint is also divided into metal paint and pearlescent paint). Unlike plain paint, which produces color through selective absorption and diffuse reflection of light by pigment particles, metals and pearlescent pigments are arranged in layers in the same orientation parallel to the paint film. When light shines on the surface of the paint film, part of the light is hardly absorbed due to the direct reflection of aluminium powder. Some of the light is particularly bright, which gives a very bright feeling and part of the light. The wire is reflected by aluminum powder for many times, and the light is darker. Therefore, different visual effects can be observed from different angles.

The sketch of flash paint light reflection shows that the light produced by the same incident light source darkens with the increase of reflection times. The effect seen in the observation angle A and B varies with the brightness of light, so the visual effect of flash paint varies with the incident angle of light (corresponding to the change of morning and evening in nature) and the observer's observation position. Therefore, the chromatic aberration of flash paint is more difficult to control, and users sometimes reflect the phenomenon of visual chromatic aberration in use.

On the one hand, in the management of flash paint coatings, steel mills should select the same paint supplier and batch of coatings at the same time as far as possible in the same user contract in the production control, so as to avoid the color difference caused by the difference of different coatings and processes, and at the same time, use multi-angle color difference meter which is closer to the effect of human eye measurement to compare the color difference. On the other hand, the user is guided to avoid the problem of chromatic aberration caused by different material installation directions.

2: Coating Bonding Problem
When color coated panels are used as sandwich panels, one of the common problems is poor bonding or foaming. Because when the coating is used to make sandwich panels, the coating must be effectively combined with foaming agent to ensure the integrity of the sandwich panels. Generally speaking, the main problems that users encounter in their use include "not sticking" and "surface hole".

2.1 "Can't Stick"
Pictures of poor adhesion of coating on the back of color coated panel. The main reasons for these problems are as follows:
(1) Glue reaction time: The length of glue reaction time during processing affects the foaming effect. The foaming effect will not be ideal if the time is too long or too short. As shown in Figure 2-(a), it is an inappropriate template for foaming time.

(2) Coating quality: The types of coatings determine the surface activity of the coatings after curing, which will affect the foaming effect of color coated sheets and foaming agents. If the active group of the coating is less, the foaming property will be affected. It is a poor foaming template for coatings with less active groups.

(3) Glue quality: Foaming glue is generally composed of black glue and white glue. White glue is polyether polyol with hydroxyl group, and black glue is cyanate ester. After mixing in a certain proportion, the two glues react to form polyurethane, that is, foaming material. The effective ingredients in the glue seriously affect the foaming effect of the product. Poor foaming may occur if other substances are added to white gum to reduce cost or polyether polyols are replaced by lower-priced polyester polyols.

(4) Other factors: foaming process and production environment are also important factors affecting the quality of sandwich panel products.