中国铝板带箔行业的创新发展

铝板带箔又称铝扁轧制品。目前，我国铝板带箔产业的基本特点是：规模大、技术装备先进、出口依存度强、短板突出，尚未走上高质量发展的轨道。
铝板带箔这个行业的规模是巨大的。据统计，截至2018年底，我国共有铝扁轧生产企业500多家，包括坯料、冷轧、铝箔等产品，超过世界其他国家铝扁轧生产企业总数。钢坯方面，拥有800多条双辊铸轧生产线，生产能力800多万吨/年；拥有200多条钢锭热轧生产线，生产能力约2000万吨/年。冷轧方面， 铝板带箔现有200多条生产线，年生产能力1800万吨以上。铝箔轧制方面，专业铝箔轧机600多家，生产能力约460万吨/年。我国铝热轧、冷轧、箔材轧制生产能力占世界的50%以上，铸轧生产能力占世界的70%以上。这种情况在未来5至10年内不会改变。

先进的技术和设备。中国 铝板带箔工业不仅规模大，而且技术装备先进。据不完全统计，在热轧方面，已建成引进技术的热轧带钢生产线11条；8条宽幅热粗精加工线；Hazlet有2条连铸连轧生产线。冷轧方面，已建成引进技术的冷轧生产线6条；现有30台cvc-6冷轧机。箔材轧制方面，已建成引进技术的宽幅铝箔专用轧机40多台套，先进技术和设备数量超过世界任何国家。这些设备大多是本世纪制造的。可以说，我国拥有世界先进的铝扁轧产品生产技术和设备。
此外，中国制造的热连轧、冷轧等扁钢轧制主要设备也达到了相应水平。1984年以来，4/6辊冷轧机（辊面）约450台≥ 800毫米），不仅有中国企业配套，而且成套出口。
对出口的依赖增加了。我国现有的铝扁轧生产能力远远超过国内需求，可以说是明显过剩，因此对出口的依赖性越来越强。据海关统计，2018年，我国铝板带材出口量为279万吨（含少量锻造板材），接近国内产量的30%；铝箔出口129万吨，约占国内产量的三分之一。我国已成为世界上最大的铝扁轧制品出口国，其出口量几乎相当于世界其他国家的出口总量。当然，中国庞大的出口也导致贸易摩擦加剧，出口扩张难以持续。
短板非常突出。缺乏自主技术创新能力和结构性矛盾日益突出是我国铝带行业面临的主要挑战。
在技术创新方面，截至目前，我国铝板带箔行业的工艺技术、产品开发、质量标准和品牌建设仍处于跟踪阶段，明显落后于国际先进水平。
如本世纪初以来，世界金属工业在工程技术领域的最大进步就是铝结构汽车的推广应用。工业化在美国已经完全实现，我们还处在发展的初级阶段。再比如，我们还没有开展碳纤维、塑料等材料替代铝的研究，而国外已经开展了大量的前期研究工作。这不是危言耸听。美国波音787使用了很多碳纤维材料，我们的智9和武智19也使用了很多碳纤维材料。

Aluminum plate, strip and foil are also called aluminum flat rolling products. At present, the basic characteristics of China's aluminum plate, strip and foil industry are: large scale, advanced technology and equipment, strong export dependence, outstanding short board, and not yet on the track of high-quality development.

The scale of the industry is huge. According to statistics, by the end of 2018, there were more than 500 aluminum flat rolling production enterprises in China, including billets, cold rolling, aluminum foil and other products, more than the total number of aluminum flat rolling production enterprises in other countries in the world. In terms of billets, it has more than 800 twin roll casting and rolling production lines with a production capacity of more than 8 million tons / year; It has more than 200 ingot hot rolling production lines with a production capacity of about 20 million tons / year. In terms of cold rolling, there are more than 200 production lines with a production capacity of more than 18 million tons per year. In terms of aluminum foil rolling, the number of professional aluminum foil rolling mills is more than 600, and the production capacity is about 4.6 million tons / year. China's aluminum hot rolling, cold rolling and foil rolling production capacity accounts for more than 50% of the world's total, and casting and rolling production capacity accounts for more than 70% of the world's total. This situation will not change in the next five to 10 years.
Advanced technology and equipment. China's aluminum plate, strip and foil industry is not only large in scale, but also advanced in technology and equipment. According to incomplete statistics, in terms of hot rolling, 11 hot strip rolling lines with imported technology have been built; 8 wide Hot Roughing finishing lines; There are 2 continuous casting and rolling production lines in Hazlet. In the aspect of cold rolling, 6 cold rolling production lines with imported technology have been built; There are 30 cvc-6 cold rolling mills. In terms of foil rolling, more than 40 sets of wide aluminum foil special rolling mills with imported technology have been built, and the number of advanced technology and equipment exceeds that of any country in the world. And most of these equipment are made in this century. It can be said that China has the world's advanced production technology and equipment for aluminum flat rolling products.
In addition, the main equipment of flat rolling, such as hot continuous rolling and cold rolling, made in China, has also reached a suitable level. Since 1984, about 450 sets of 4 / 6-high cold rolling mills (roll surface ≥ 800mm) have been manufactured in China, which are not only equipped with Chinese enterprises, but also exported in complete sets.
Export dependence has increased. China's existing aluminum flat rolling production capacity far exceeds the domestic demand, which can be said to be an obvious surplus, so it is increasingly dependent on exports. According to customs statistics, in 2018, China's aluminum sheet and strip export volume was 2.79 million tons (including a small amount of forged plates), close to 30% of domestic production; The export volume of aluminum foil is 1.29 million tons, accounting for about one third of the domestic output. China has become the largest exporter of aluminum flat rolling products in the world, and its export volume is almost equal to the total of other countries in the world. Of course, China's massive exports also lead to intensified trade frictions, and the expansion of exports is difficult to sustain.
The short board is very prominent. The lack of independent technological innovation ability and the increasing structural contradictions are the main challenges faced by China's aluminum strip industry.
In terms of technological innovation, up to now, the process technology, product development, quality standards and brand construction of China's aluminum plate, strip and foil industry are still in the tracking stage, which is significantly behind the international advanced level.
For example, since the beginning of this century, the biggest progress in the field of Engineering Technology in the world's metal industry has been the promotion and application of aluminum structure vehicles. Industrialization has been fully realized in the United States, and we are still in the primary stage of development. For another example, we have not carried out research on carbon fiber, plastic and other materials to replace aluminum, while a lot of pre research work has been carried out abroad. It's not alarmist. The US Boeing 787 has used a lot of carbon fiber materials, and our Zhi 9 and Wu Zhi 19 also use a lot of carbon fiber materials. In the past, the global carbon fiber materials mainly depended on Japan, and the price was very high. Now our country has made an important breakthrough in this area, especially the breakthrough of private enterprises, which has made the price of carbon fiber materials drop significantly. As long as the application technology keeps up, it is completely possible to replace aluminum materials in many fields. We need to attach great importance to it and deal with it through technological innovation.