浅析彩钢板在古建工程中的施工技术要点

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首先，彩色钢板的安装方法有两种：穿透型和隐蔽型。在屋顶和墙壁上安装彩色钢板是最常用的方法，即用自攻螺钉或铆钉将彩色钢板固定在支撑件（如檩条）上。通过固定分为波峰固定、波谷固定或它们的组合。隐藏式扣件的隐形固定是一种固定方法，该方法首先将与隐藏式紧固件色板相匹配的特殊紧固件固定在支撑件（如檩条）上，并且将彩色板的主肋和隐藏式紧固件的中心肋钉成齿形，这通常用于安装顶板。
第二，彩板的横向和端部搭接。每块钢板安装时，应将搭接边准确地放在前一块钢板上，用前一块钢板夹紧，直至钢板两端固定。一种简单有效的方法是用钳子夹住重叠的钢板。钢板沿纵向放置时，用钳子夹住钢板的一端，特别是上端，保证钢板的一端就位，一端的搭接也在正确的位置，以固定钢板。在固定过程中，夹具应始终夹持钢板在纵向上。在安装下一块钢板之前，每个钢板必须完全固定。固定必须从钢板的中心开始，然后延伸到两侧，最后固定钢板的边缘。对于端部搭接，由于顶、墙型钢板采用连续加工方式，可根据运输条件限制的长度提供钢板。一般不需要搭接，钢板长度足以满足屋面铺设的需要。
现场处理和运输时，如有必要，可采用两块短钢板通过端部搭接覆盖整个长度。每一块钢板的搭接顺序是从下到上，然后放下下一块钢板。采用穿透固定法的屋面与墙体的钢板端搭接头应定位在支架上。坡度在1/12（50）和1/4（150）之间的屋顶，钢板端部的搭接长度至少为200mm；坡度在1/4（150）以上的屋顶，搭接长度至少为150mm，钢板端部搭接部分的中点应在支座中心。墙板最小搭接长度为100 mm。
三是自攻螺钉的选用。选择固定螺钉时，应根据结构的使用寿命选择固定件，特别注意覆盖材料的使用寿命是否与规定的固定件的使用寿命一致。同时，钢檩条的厚度不得超过螺杆的自钻能力。目前可用的螺钉可以有塑料头、不锈钢盖或涂有特殊耐用的保护涂层。此外，除了螺钉固定的螺钉外，所有其他螺钉都设有防水垫圈，并且为照明面板和特殊的风压提供相应的特殊垫圈。
第四，彩板的安装容易掌握，一些细节更为重要。屋顶彩板应在屋顶和屋檐处封闭彩板，以更有效地防止雨水进入屋顶。

First, there are two fixing methods for installation of color steel plate: penetrating type and concealed type. Through fixing is the most common way to install the color steel plate on the roof and wall, that is, to fix the color steel plate on the support (such as purlin) with self tapping screws or rivets. Through fixing is divided into wave crest fixing, wave trough fixing or their combination. Concealed fixing of concealed fastener is a fixing method that the special fastener matched with the concealed fastener color plate is fixed on the support (such as purlin) first, and the main rib of the color plate and the central rib of the concealed fastener are toothed, which is generally used for the installation of roof panel.

Second, the lateral and end lap of the color plate. When installing each steel plate, the edge lap shall be accurately placed on the previous steel plate and clamped with the previous steel plate until both ends of the steel plate are fixed. A simple and effective method is to clamp the overlapped steel plates with a pair of pliers. When the steel plate is placed along the longitudinal direction, its end, especially the upper end, shall be clamped by pliers to ensure that one end of the steel plate is in place, and the overlap at one end is also in the correct position, so as to fix the steel plate. During the fixing process, the clamp shall always clamp the steel plate in the longitudinal direction. Before installing the next steel plate, each steel plate must be completely fixed. The fixing must start from the center of the steel plate, then extend to both sides, and finally fix the lap edge of the steel plate. For end lapping, since roof and wall profile plates are made by continuous processing method, steel plates can be supplied according to the length limited by transportation conditions. Generally, no lapping is required, and the steel plate length is enough to meet the needs of roof laying.
For site treatment and transportation, if necessary, two short steel plates can be used to cover the whole length through end lap. The lap sequence of each steel plate is from the bottom to the top, and then the next one is put down. The steel plate end lap joint of the roof and the wall using the penetrating fixation method shall be positioned on the support. For roofs with a slope between 1 / 12 (50) and 1 / 4 (150), the overlapping length at the end of the steel plate shall be at least 200 mm; for roofs with a slope over 1 / 4 (150), the overlapping length shall be at least 150 mm, and the midpoint of the overlapping part at the end of the steel plate shall be at the center of the support. The minimum overlapping length of wall panel is 100mm.
Third, the selection of self tapping screw. When selecting fixing screws, the fixing parts shall be selected according to the service life of the structure, and special attention shall be paid to whether the service life of the covering material is consistent with that of the specified fixing parts. At the same time, the thickness of steel purlin shall not exceed the self drilling capacity of screw. The screws currently available can have plastic heads, stainless steel covers or be coated with a special durable protective coating. In addition, in addition to the screws for snap fixing, all other screws are provided with waterproof washers, and the corresponding special washers are provided for the lighting panel and special wind pressure.
Fourth, the installation of color plate is easy to master, and some details are more important. For the roof color plate, the color plate should be closed at the roof and eaves to prevent rainwater from entering the roof more effectively.