彩涂板面漆的作用以及哪些涂料可以做面漆

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在彩涂施工中，面漆具有产品性能最关键的作用。它不仅提供彩涂板的装饰性，还使彩涂板具有各种实用的功能。彩涂板涂有不同面漆可在不同的领域应用，例如建材用彩涂板、家电用彩涂板、汽车用彩涂板等。因此面漆在卷材涂料的研究是最为透彻的一类涂料。目前已经工业化生产的卷材面漆主要有以下种类。

A聚酯类面漆
　　聚酯树脂按定义是指分子主链上含有酯键的高分子材料，包括三种类型:醇酸树脂、饱和聚酯和不饱和聚酯。卷材工业中应用的聚脂专指饱和聚酯。
　　聚酯树脂形成的漆膜具有优异的综合性能，并且性能的可调节范围很大，还能制成不同的应用形式，如溶剂型、水性、粉末、烘干或自干的涂料产品。在家电、汽车、金属家具、建材和罐头等行业得到大量使用。卷材用聚酯树脂主要是由芳香族二元酸、脂肪族二元酸和脂肪族多元醇经缩聚反应而成的含羟基聚酯树脂。
　　彩涂板用聚酯类面漆是以上述聚酯为基本原料制备的涂料。交联树脂主要采用丁醇醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(氨基树脂)。氨基树脂固化聚酯面漆具有良好的柔韧性、硬度和耐久性，同时具有良好的加工性，人们利用这类树脂在漆膜中的不均一性技术以提高其性能。因此是目前应用最为普遍的卷材面漆。
　　B聚氨酯类面漆
　　聚氨酯涂料以其优良的综合性能在不同领域得到广泛应用。1972年，德国首先将封闭多异氰酸酯和含羟基聚酯组成的聚氨酯涂料作为预涂卷材面漆用于铝卷材。1997年聚氨酯面漆已占预涂卷材面漆的5%，到1999年在预涂卷材涂料用合成树脂中居第四位，主要用在涂装建材、家用电器及车辆用预涂金属卷材。聚氨酯面漆(特别是脂肪族和脂环族多异氰酸酯制成的聚氨酯面漆)比氨基聚酯面漆有更好的柔初性、硬度和耐久性之间的平衡。聚氨酯面漆的另一特点是既可是烘烤型的，也可为常温自干型的。对同一配方的涂料来说，所用的多异氯酸组分被封闭后用于预涂卷材生产线，而未封闭的用于自干性双组分涂料，最后可得到结构和性能相同的漆膜，这对建材用预涂卷材在使用现场的修补工作十分有利。
　　C聚丙烯酸酯类面漆
　　聚丙烯酸酯涂料是一类用途广泛的涂料。聚丙烯酸酯树脂的主链是碳一碳键，对光热、酸、碱等均十分稳定，用它制成的涂料具有优异的户外耐久性和保光保色性，另外通过各种丙烯酸酯的共聚，可调节树脂的机械性能，因此综合性能比较全面。
　　目前用于彩涂板面漆的聚丙烯酸酯涂料主要有三种类型:溶剂型热固化聚丙烯酸酯涂料、水稀释聚丙烯酸酯涂料和辐射固化聚丙烯酸酯涂料。
　　溶剂型热固化聚丙烯酸酯涂料具有良好的抗沾污性、抗划伤性、高的光泽和硬度，以及优异的耐候性和耐化学性，这类涂料的不足之处在于很难得到硬度和韧性同时符合要求的产品。当硬度符合要求时，漆膜一般不能经受深度加工成型。目前这类涂料主要用作PVC塑溶胶面漆的配套底漆。
　　为了进一步提高聚丙烯酸酯涂料的户外耐久性，20世纪60年代中期开发了有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯涂料，试图以价格优势部分取代含氟涂料，用以制造外墙和屋面用预涂金属卷材，涂料中有机硅成分一般占成膜树脂的30%以上。实际应用中发现，有机硅的引人在提高耐候性的同时会使加工性有所下降，而且这一矛盾很难找到满意的平衡点，而且耐候性的提高与增加的成本相比也物非所值，因此目前这类涂料在彩涂板生产中已经较少使用。

n the color coating construction, the top coat has the most critical role in product performance. The utility model not only provides the decoration of the color coated plate, but also enables the color coated plate to have various practical functions. The color coated plate can be applied in different fields, such as color coated plate for building materials, color coated plate for household appliances, color coated plate for automobiles, etc. Therefore, the research of finishing coat in coil coating is the most thorough one. At present, there are mainly the following types of coil top coating that have been industrialized.

A plyester finish
According to the definition, polyester resin refers to the polymer materials with ester bond on the main chain, including three types: alkyd resin, saturated polyester and unsaturated polyester. Polyester used in coil industry refers to saturated polyester.
The paint film formed by polyester resin has excellent comprehensive performance and wide adjustable range of performance, and can be made into different application forms, such as solvent based, water-based, powder, drying or self drying paint products. It is widely used in household appliances, automobiles, metal furniture, building materials, cans and other industries. The polyester resin for roll is mainly composed of aromatic, aliphatic and aliphatic polyols through polycondensation.
Polyester Topcoat for color coating plate is a coating prepared with polyester as the basic raw material. The main crosslinking resin is butanol etherified melamine formaldehyde resin (amino resin). Amino resin cured Polyester Topcoat has good flexibility, hardness and durability, as well as good processability. People use the heterogeneity technology of this kind of resin in the paint film to improve its performance. Therefore, it is the most commonly used coil finish.
B polyurethane finish
Polyurethane coating is widely used in different fields for its excellent comprehensive properties. In 1972, the polyurethane coating composed of blocked polyisocyanate and hydroxypolyester was first used as the top coat of precoated coil for aluminum coil in Germany. In 1997, polyurethane topcoat accounted for 5% of the pre coated coil topcoat. In 1999, polyurethane topcoat ranked fourth among the synthetic resins used for pre coated coil coating, mainly used for coating building materials, household appliances and pre coated metal coils for vehicles. Polyurethane finish (especially polyurethane finish made of aliphatic and alicyclic polyisocyanate) has a better balance between flexibility, hardness and durability than amino polyester finish. Another characteristic of polyurethane finish is that it can be baked or self drying at room temperature. For the coating with the same formula, the polyisochlorous acid component used is used in the production line of precoating coil after being sealed, while the unclosed component is used in the self drying two-component coating, and finally the paint film with the same structure and performance can be obtained, which is very beneficial to the repair work of precoating coil for building materials in the use site.
C polyacrylate finish
Polyacrylate coating is a kind of widely used coating. The main chain of polyacrylate resin is carbon carbon bond, which is very stable to light, heat, acid, alkali, etc. the coating made of polyacrylate resin has excellent outdoor durability and light and color retention. In addition, through the copolymerization of various acrylates, the mechanical properties of the resin can be adjusted, so the comprehensive properties are relatively comprehensive.
At present, there are three main types of polyacrylate coating used for color coating: solvent based heat curable polyacrylate coating, water diluted polyacrylate coating and radiation curable polyacrylate coating.
Solvent based thermosetting polyacrylate coating has good stain resistance, scratch resistance, high gloss and hardness, as well as excellent weather resistance and chemical resistance. The disadvantage of this kind of coating is that it is difficult to obtain products that meet the requirements of hardness and toughness at the same time. When the hardness meets the requirements, the paint film can not generally withstand deep processing and forming. At present, this kind of coating is mainly used as the matching primer of PVC plastisol topcoat.
In order to further improve the outdoor durability of polyacrylate coating, organosilicon modified polyacrylate coating was developed in the mid-1960s, trying to replace the fluorine-containing coating with the price advantage part to manufacture the precoated metal coil for exterior wall and roof. The organosilicon component in the coating generally accounts for more than 30% of the film-forming resin. In practical application, it is found that the introduction of organosilicon can not only improve the weatherability, but also reduce the processability, and it is difficult to find a satisfactory balance point in this contradiction, and the improvement of weatherability is not worth comparing with the increased cost. Therefore, at present, this kind of coating has been less used in the production of color coated plates.